Isingeniso
Esimeni esisheshayo-, esidinga kakhulu, nesiqhudelana kakhulu sokwenziwa kwezimboni zesimanje, ukwenziwa kwensimbi enembayo, kanye ne-prototyping yemboni yangokwezifiso, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokusika i-thermal kungenza umehluko oqondile wezezimali phakathi{1}}nokukhiqiza isivinini esiphezulu kanye nezithiyo zokusebenza ezikhubaza. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, abaphathi bemishini, onjiniyela bokukhiqiza, nabanikazi bezitolo zokukhiqiza baye bathembela kakhulu kumasistimu okusika asuselwa ku-laser{3}}asekelwe ku-thermal athuthukisiwe ukuze bahlukanise phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zasembonini ezinokunemba okukhethekile, ububanzi obuncane be-kerf, kanye namaphethelo ahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlolwa imakethe yokuthengwa kwempahla, abathengi besimanje bahlale bebhekana nezimpambano zobuchwepheshe eziyisisekelo: ukunquma phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokusika-konqenqema lwe-fiber laser namasistimu e-laser e-carbon dioxide (CO2).
Esikhungweni sangempela sale mpikiswano yezimboni eqhubekayo kumi umshini wesimanje wokusika i-laser. Ngenkathi zombili izinhlelo ze-fiber kanye ne-CO2 ekugcineni zisebenzisa ukukhanya okugxile kakhulu, okunamandla ukuze kuncibilike, kushiswe, kufakwe i-oxidize, noma kuhwamulise izinto eziqondiwe, izimiso zazo eziyisisekelo, izindlela zokukhiqiza optical, ukusebenza kahle kukagesi, ukukhanda okungaphezulu, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyahluka kakhulu. Umshini owenza kahle kakhulu{3}}ngesivinini esikhulu sokusika i-gauge sheet metal{4}ungase uthwale kanzima-ngama-substrates angewona ensimbi, kuyilapho isistimu elungiselelwe izinto eziphilayo izohluleka ngokuphelele lapho icutshungulwa ama-alloys ensimbi acwebezelayo. Ukuzulazula kulawa mahluko ayinkimbinkimbi, amancanyana kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele, okuyimbudumbudu kwe-optical wavelength physics, izimfuneko zokulungisa imishini, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Lo mhlahlandlela wemboni obanzi uhlukanisa umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezinqamuli ze-fiber kanye ne-CO2 laser ukukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obufanelana kangcono nezidingo zakho zokusebenza.
I-Core Physics ne-Laser Generation: Isebenza kanjani i-Fiber ne-CO2 Technologies
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu, ojule kakhulu phakathi kwe-fiber kanye nabasiki be-laser be-CO2 ulele endleleni abakhiqiza ngayo imishayo yabo yokusika. Lezi zindlela ze-optical physics ezihlukile zilawula yonke into kusukela ezindleleni zangaphakathi zokulethwa kwemishayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kukagesi kuya kumashejuli okulungisa okuvamile kanye nezidingo zesikhala saphansi.
Imishini yokusika i-CO2 laser isebenzisa ingilazi evalekile noma ishubhu le-resonator yensimbi egcwele ingxube yegesi ethize, elinganiselwe ngokunembile ehlanganiswe ngokuyinhloko isikhutha, i-helium, i-nitrogen, nenani elincane le-hydrogen. Ukukhishwa kukagesi okunamandla noma umsakazo{2}}i-excitation yefrikhwensi (RF) idlula ngokuqhubekayo kule ngxube yegesi ukuze kujabulise ama-molecule, ikhiqiza i-laser infrared engabonakali enobude obude obucishe bube ngama-micrometer angu-10.6. Ngenxa yokuthi le wavelength engu-10.6-micron ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kahle noma ngokuphephile ngezintambo ezijwayelekile ze-fiber optical, amasistimu e-CO2 endabuko ancike ochungechungeni oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezibuko ezinembile{9}}eziphakeme zangaphandle kanye nezindlela zokubona ezihlanziwe ukuze ziqondise i-laser resonator kusukela ku-resonator enganyakazi ngaphesheya kwebhuloho elinyakazayo lehle liye ekhanda elisikayo. Lesi sakhiwo sezibuko{10}nokuqondanisa sidinga ukulinganisa okucophelelayo kwansuku zonke, ukuhlanzwa okuvamile okubonwayo, nokuhlanzwa kwemvelo ukuze kuvinjelwe uthuli lwasemkhathini noma intuthu ekoneni ikhwalithi ye-beam.
Ngokuphambene kakhulu, imishini yesimanje yokusika i-fiber laser yenza i-optical cutting beam isebenzisa-i-earth{1}}ama-optical fibers angavamile-evamise ukugcwala ama-elementi e-ytterbium-njengendlela yokuzuza esebenzayo, enikwa amandla ngokuqondile{4}ama-laser diode{4}amandla aphezulu we-semiconductor. Le nqubo -yesimo sokubona okuqinile ikhiqiza okufushane kakhulu eduze{7}}ne-wavelength ye-infrared cishe yama-micrometer angu-1.064. Umphumela wokwenyuka{10}}wokushuba okuphezulu ulethwa ngokuqondile ukusuka kumojula yomthombo wefayibha uqonde ekhanda elisikiwe ngekhebula ye-optic eguquguqukayo, ye-armored, esusa ngokuphelele isidingo sokuqondanisa kwesibuko esiyinkimbinkimbi, amagesi okuhlanza amehlo, noma ukulungiswa kwendlela yokubona yangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude begagasi obufushane be-fiber laser buhlinzeka ngosayizi wendawo okugxilwe kuyo omncane kakhulu kanye namandla aphakeme kakhulu, okuyenza isebenze kahle kakhulu ekudluliseleni amandla ashisayo ngokuqondile kuma-metallic substrates.
I-Material Compatibility: Izinsimbi, -Izinsimbi, nama-Reflective Alloys
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ngokuvamile kuyisici esinqumayo lapho indawo yokukhiqiza noma isitolo semisebenzi sitshala emshinini omusha wokusika i-laser. Umehluko omkhulu, oyisisekelo kumaza okukhanya phakathi kwama-laser we-fiber kanye ne-CO2 kudala amakhono ahluke kakhulu okucubungula izinto ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Uma kuziwa ekucubunguleni izinsimbi ezingenalutho-ezifana ne-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloys e-aluminium, ithusi, ithusi, ne-titanium{1}}imishini yokusika i-fiber laser ingompetha abangangatshazwa bomkhakha. I-wavelength engu-1.064-micron ye-fiber laser imuncwa kalula nangempumelelo indawo eyinsimbi, okuvumela ukusika okusheshayo,{5}}okuphakeme{5}}kuwo womabili amashidi{6}}amancane amancane kanye{8}}nokuqina okumaphakathi. Ngisho nezinsimbi ezicwebezelayo-ezingezona ayoni ezicwebezelayo njengethusi elibomvu nethusi, ngokomlando ezidale izinselele ezinzima zokusebenza ngenxa{10}}ezibonisa ingemuva eliyingozi{10}}izibonisi ezilimaza amasistimu e-optical optical resonator, zicutshungulwa ngokuphepha, ngokuhlanzekile, nangempumelelo ngama-fiber lasers esimanje afakwe ukuvikela okuthuthukisiwe kokubuyisela emuva.
Amalaser e-CO2, nokho, anikeza inzuzo ehlukile futhi ehlala njalo uma kuziwa -kuzinto ezingezona zensimbi kanye -eziyingxenye yokucubungula kwe-organic. I-10.6-i-micron wavelength yesistimu ye-CO2 imuncwa kahle kakhulu ngezinto eziphilayo nezingezona{9}}zensimbi, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuphambili kokusika, ukuqopha, nokumaka i-acrylic, ukhuni, isikhumba, izindwangu, iphepha, irabha, namapulasitiki obunjiniyela ahlukahlukene. Ngenkathi ama-fiber lasers angasika ngempumelelo amapulasitiki athile amnyama noma akhethekile, adlula ngqo ezintweni ezicacile noma ezikhanyayo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukumuncwa okushisayo okwanele ukuze azisike. Ukwengeza, ngenkathi ama-laser e-fiber ebusa{10}}ukuze{11}}ukusike insimbi emaphakathi,{13}ama-laser anamandla e-CO2 ngokomlando ayegcina unqenqema kancane onqenqemeni{15}}lapho esika amapuleti e-carbon steel agqinsile kakhulu (adlula u-25mm ngogqinsi), nakuba{16}ubuchwepheshe besimanje obuphezulu{16}abasebenzisa ama-laser obuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe buvaleka nokucindezela leli gebe ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje.
Ukusebenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezindleko zokunakekela
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezimali-kwesikhathi eside kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni komshini wokusika i-laser kudinga ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe, okuphelele kwezindleko zokusebenza eziqhubekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi, kanye nokulungiswa okujwayelekile okungaphezulu. Kulezi zigaba ezibucayi, umehluko phakathi kwe-fiber ne-CO2 ubuchwepheshe mkhulu.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kungenye yezimfanelo ezidume kakhulu futhi ezinomthelela kwezezimali ngobuchwepheshe be-fiber laser. Ama-laser e-Industrial fibre aqhosha ngodonga-ngokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamapulaki okuvamise ukusukela phakathi kuka-30% no-40%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphesenti eliphezulu kakhulu lamandla kagesi angenayo athathwe kugridi aguqulwa ngempumelelo abe amandla okusika asebenzisekayo. Ama-laser e-CO2, uma kuqhathaniswa, asebenza ngodonga oluphansi kakhulu-lokusebenza kahle kwepulagi okucishe kube ngu-8% kuya ku-15%, kudla ugesi owengeziwe ukuze kukhiqizwe umshini wokusika okukhiphayo olinganayo futhi adinga amandla amakhulu,{10}}amandla okupholisa angaphandle kwemboni anamandla ukuze alahle inani elikhulu lokushisa kwemfucuza eshisayo.
Izindleko zokunakekela ziphinde zitshekise isikali esisebenzayo ukuze zivune amasistimu efayibha. Umshini wokusika we-laser we-CO2 wendabuko udinga izindleko eziqhubekayo zokuhlanganisa igesi ye-laser ebizayo, ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamashubhu engilazi e-resonator, ukuhlanza noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezibuko ezicwebezelayo ezicwebezelayo{2}}ezinamekwe ngegolide, kanye nezinqubo zokuqondanisa ezivamile ezenziwa ochwepheshe besevisi abakhethekile. Uma ngisho nesibuko esisodwa sikhukhuleka kancane endleleni eqondaniswe ngayo ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo noma ukudlidliza komshini, ikhwalithi yokusika iyehla ngokushesha, okuholela ekumoshweni kwempahla. Ngokuphambene, amasistimu we-laser we-fiber cishe ayalungiswa{5}mahhala mayelana nomthombo we-laser ngokwawo. Njengoba zingekho izibuko zokubona ukuze ziqondaniswe, awekho amagesi e-laser okufanele agcwaliswe, nama-diodes epompo esimo aqinile aklanyelwe ukuhlala amashumi ezinkulungwane zamahora okusebenza, ama-fiber lasers anciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphumula esingahlelelwe futhi ehlisa izindleko zokusebenza ezisebenzisekayo zibe ingxenye encane yezinhlelo ze-CO2 ezivamile.
I-Capital Expenditure, Footprint, kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwemboni
Ngaphandle kwezindleko zokusebenza zansuku zonke kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo, abahleli bezikhungo kumele futhi bahlole izidingo zokutshalwa kwezimali kwekhephithali, izithiyo zezinyawo zeshabhu, kanye nokulula kukonke kokuhlanganiswa kwefekthri lapho kukhethwa umshini wokusika i-laser.
Ngokombono wezindleko ezinkulu, amasistimu we-fiber laser aseya ngokuya encintisana. Nakuba ama-laser{1}amandla aphezulu aphezulu amele ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala, ukuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-diode nefayibha kwehlise izindleko zokuthenga kuyilapho kanyekanye kucindezela amazinga wamandla ajwayelekile ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yangaphambilini. Amasistimu e-CO2, ngenxa yokuxaka kwawo ama-resonator, insimbi eyinkimbinkimbi{4}}yezibuko zokudiliva, kanye nekhanda eliphezulu lokulungisa kahle, ngokuvamile abonisa iphrofayela yezindleko zesikhathi eside ephakeme-naphezu kokunikeza ngezinye izikhathi izintengo zokuthenga eziqhathanisekayo zezigaba zamandla{6}}zebanga eliphakathi.
Indawo yaphansi nendawo yefekthri kuyizinto ezengeziwe zokucatshangelwa ezibalulekile. Amasistimu we-fiber laser afaka idizayini ehlangene, eyimojula lapho ijeneretha ye-laser, i-chiller, nekhabhinethi yokulawula ithatha ingxenye encane yesikhala saphansi esidingwa amaresonatha amakhulu e-CO2 kanye namasilinda egesi angaphandle ahlobene nawo kanye namayunithi amakhulu okupholisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-fiber lasers aqinile ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ayabekezelela{3}}ukudlidliza, okuwenza kube lula ukuwafaka ezindaweni zasefekthri eziguqukayo ngaphandle kokudinga izisekelo ezikhethekile zokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuthembeka kwabo kanye nokulula kokuhlanganiswa kokuzenzakalela{5}}njengokulayisha okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemibhoshongo yokuthulula{6}}kwenza ama-fiber lasers abe itshe legumbi lezimboni zesimanje ezihlakaniphile.
I-Technological Synergy, Automation, kanye ne-Smart Factory Evolution
Njengoba ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe kuqhubeka noshintsho olunamandla oluya kuma-paradigms e-Industrial 4.0, indima yomshini wokusika i-laser iye yanda ngale kwethuluzi lokusika elizimele laba endaweni ezenzakalelayo,{1}}eqhutshwa idatha ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yokukhiqiza exhunyiwe. Zombili izinhlelo ze-fiber kanye ne-CO2 zihlanganise ukuxhumana kwesofthiwe yesimanje, kodwa ubuchwepheshe be-fiber busebenzise ngokuhlukile ukwakheka kwabo kwedijithali ukuze basunduze imingcele.
Amasistimu esimanje okusika i-fiber laser avamise ukufaka izishintshi ze-nozzle ezizenzakalelayo, ukutholwa kokubhoboza okuhlakaniphile, kanye nezinhlelo zokubona ezishayelwa yi-AI{0}eziqhutshwa ngokugcwele yizidleke zamashidi ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuncishiswe imfucumfucu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathrekhi okuqapha impendulo{2}}evaliwe asiza ukucindezelwa kwegesi, amazinga okushisa amalensi okukhanya, nokusika ukuphakama kwekhanda ngokuqhubekayo, ukumisa isikhashana umshini uma kwenzeka okuthile okudidayo noma okuthintwayo{3}}. Leli zinga lobuhlakani obuzenzakalelayo linciphisa ngokuphawulekayo izimfuneko zokungenela komsebenzisi futhi liqinisekisa ikhwalithi yengxenye engaguquki, ephindaphindwayo kuwo wonke-ukwenziwa kwamashifu amaningi.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-fiber laser kanye nomshini wokusika we-laser we-CO2 kuyisinqumo esibalulekile esilolonga amakhono okukhiqiza, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye{1}}nokuncintisana kwesikhathi eside kwanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi lokwenziwa. Uma imisebenzi yakho yokukhiqiza izungeza{3}}ekucutshungulweni kwe-speed sheet metal, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, nama-alloys ensimbi ahlukahlukene, i-fiber laser inikeza isivinini esingenakuqhathaniswa, ukusebenza kahle kukagesi okuphakeme, kanye nokulungiswa okuncane phezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma iworkshop yakho igxile kakhulu ekucubunguleni-izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, izimpawu ze-acrylic zangokwezifiso, ama-organic substrates aminyene, noma kudinga imiphetho yokusika amapuleti{6}}akhethekile, i-CO2 laser igcina izinzuzo zokusebenza ezihlukile. Ngokuhlaziya ngokucophelela imiksi yakho yezinto ezibonakalayo, umthamo wokukhiqiza, imikhawulo yendawo, kanye{9}}nemigomo yebhizinisi yesikhathi eside, ungakhetha ubuchwepheshe be-laser obuphelele ukuze uqhubekisele phambili impumelelo yakho yokukhiqiza.